Accounts payable

Money owed by a business to a supplier or service provider for goods or services received. Also known as creditors.

Accounts receivable

Money owed to a business by its customers for goods or services provided. Also known as debtors.

Accrual accounting method

Accounting method where Income and expenses are reported at the time the transaction accrued and not when it was paid for.

Asset

Anything of value owned by a business, such as cash, inventory, vehicles or equipment.

Balance sheet

Balance sheet is a financial report that summarise business’s assets, liabilities and equity. In the balance sheet you can view balance of loans taken, balance of bank accounts and other assets value, such as vehicles and equipment.

Assets = Liabilities + Equity

Bank reconciliation

The process of compering bank transaction to transactions recorded in the business’s accounting software

BAS (Business Activity Statement)

A form used by businesses in Australia to report and pay their Goods and Services Tax (GST), Pay As You Go (PAYG) withholding, and other tax obligations.

Bed debt

Amount owed to a business from customers for goods or services provided that cannot be collected.

Capital

Capital in business is the total of assets owned by the business

Chart of accounts (COA)

A list of business accounts to which transactions (income and expenses) are recorded and classified.

Cash flow

The movement of cash into and out of a business over a specific period of time. Which is the revenue and expenses generated by the business over this period.

Cast accounting method

Accounting method where  income and expenses are reported at the time they were paid for and not when the transaction accrued

Chart of Accounts

A list of all the accounts used by a business to records its financial transactions. Categorized by asset, liability, equity, income, and expense

Cost of goods sold (COGS)

Expenses related directly to produce a product or service sold by the business

Creditors

Suppliers to whom the business owes money. Also known as accounts payable.

Debtors

Customers who owe money to the business. Also known as accounts receivable.

Depreciation

Decrease in value of a business’s assets over time

Drawings

Money taken out of the business by the owner

Expenses

Purchases made by the business that are required for the business to operate

Equity

The residual interest in the assets of a business after deducting liabilities. It represents the owner’s claim on the company’s assets.

Fixed asset

An asset owned by the business that is intended to be kept for over 12 months, for example: electronics and vehicles.

Forecast

Estimate of the business’s future income and expenses

Gross profit/loss

Gross profit/loss = Revenue / sales – Cost of gods sold

GST (Goods and Services Tax)

Tax of 10% on sales of most goods and services in Australia.

Historical cost

The original cost of an asset purchased by the business

Income

Money received by the business for its goods or services provided

Inventory

List of products a business holds for sale

Invoice

A document produced by a business to request payment listing goods or services provided and their prices

Journal entry

Record of business transaction in an accounting software

Liabilities

Obligations owed by the business, such as debtors, taxes, and loans

Mark up

The difference between the cost to produce or purchase a product the selling price

Net profit

The amount earns by a business after deducting all expenses

Overheads

General cost of running a business that are not directly related to producing a product, such as wages, rent, and insurance

Profit

Revenue of a business after deduction of expense

Profit and loss statement

financial statement listing sales and expenses of a business and show the profitability of the business over a period of time.

Revenue

Income made by a business from sales and other earnings, before any ductions

Sole Trader / self employed

Business structure where the business owner work for himself and is liable for all business debts

Source document

Original document received when buying goods or services such as invoice or receipt

Undeposited account

Monies received/owed by a business which are noy yet banked or spend